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General Introduction National Laws on IP: I. Patent: The Patents and Designs Act, 1911- According to this act the rights of the patent provides 16 years of protections. WIPO has expressed their opinion about...
Layout-designs of integrated circuits A layout-design of an integrated circuit is the three-dimensional disposition of the elements of an integrated circuit and some or all of the interconnections of the integrated circuit or such...
Trade secrets A trade secret is a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, commercial method, or compilation of information which is not generally known or reasonably ascertainable by others, and by which a business...
Industrial designs An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft. In a legal sense, an industrial design constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect...
Designs A creative idea, for example for a certain flowered cloth pattern, is intangible and can be reproduced without any asset erosion. Therefore, exclusive rights to specific physical things, like the flowered cloth pattern,...
Patents The word patent originates from the Latin patere, which means “to lay open” (i.e., to make available for public inspection). More directly, it is a shortened version of the term letters patent, which...
Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the exclusive rights of the creator on an original work to its use and distribution, usually for a limited time. The...
Geographical indications (GI) A geographical indication is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin. In order to function...
Trademark A trademark, trade mark, or trade-mark is a recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. The trademark owner can be an individual,...
In comparative genocide studies, the mass killing of 1971 in Bangladesh is considered as one of the most important cases of the twentieth century. Bangladesh is one of the first countries to have used...
Freedom of high sea is the concept adopted from the book Mare Liberum the meaning of which in English is “the freedom of the sea”; a book by great legal mind, Hugo Grotius. Where...
Peremptory norms in International Law (Jus Cogens) the prohibition Jus cogens (compelling law) is a fundamental principle of international law Accepted by the international community of states As a norm from which no derogation...
Treaty The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties defines a treaty as “an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in...
International Humanitarian Law
by Rayhanul Islam · Published February 16, 2017 · Last modified May 21, 2018
War is fear, it is nothing but raw violence but sometimes it cannot be avoided. There are laws to prevent the war. Yet states continue to wage wars and groups still take up weapons...
International Humanitarian Law
by Rayhanul Islam · Published February 13, 2017 · Last modified May 21, 2018
What is International Humanitarian Law (IHL)? International humanitarian law is part of the body of international law that governs relations between States. IHL aims to limit the effects of armed conflicts for humanitarian reasons....
Introduction The doctrine of fundamental rights is feature of United States law under which certain human rights that enshrined in the US constitution are given a high degree of judicial deference in conflicts between...
Constitutionalism and Political Stability as the Precondition The concept of great chain of being was conceived by ancient rulers and they ruled the mankind in the name of supreme authority, though this kind of...
by Rayhanul Islam · Published September 21, 2016 · Last modified May 21, 2018
The Tinoco Arbitration Award 1923 Principle: non-recognition of a government does not outweigh the evidence of the de facto status of a government. Fact: The “Tinoco regime” came to power through a coup in...
by Rayhanul Islam · Published September 21, 2016 · Last modified June 17, 2020
Haile Selassie v Cable and Wireless (UK) 1938 Principle De jure recognition has a retrospective effect. When a county grant recognition of a foreign government it does it with retrospective effect, therefore, any legal...
by Rayhanul Islam · Published September 21, 2016 · Last modified May 23, 2020
The Arantzazu Mendi Case (UK) 1939 Principle: When there is effective control over the territory of a government of de facto (recognition) a foreign court can not apply its jurisdiction over its matter. Fact:...
